The Great Wildebeest Migration

The endless circular migration of over a million wildebeest and other animals across the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem.

Welcome to the heart of Africa's most breathtaking spectacle: the Great Wildebeest Migration. A true wonder of the natural world, this annual journey sees over two million wildebeest, zebras, and gazelles traverse the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem in a relentless quest for fresh grazing lands and water. Our guide provides an in-depth look at this epic migration, offering expert insights to help you plan your once-in-a-lifetime safari.

What is the Great Wildebeest Migration?

The Great Wildebeest Migration is a continuous, year-round movement of herds across Tanzania's Serengeti National Park and Kenya's Maasai Mara National Reserve. Driven by instinct, the animals follow the rains and the growth of new grass, creating a cyclical pattern of life and survival. It is not a single event but a dynamic process with different highlights throughout the year, including dramatic river crossings and the calving season.

The Migration Cycle: A Month-by-Month Breakdown

December to March (Ndutu & Southern Serengeti, Tanzania): The Calving Season

Each year, over a million wildebeest, along with zebras and gazelles, gather in the lush southern Serengeti and Ndutu plains to give birth. This is the beginning of the migration cycle, when around 400,000 calves are born in just a few weeks. The abundance of newborns attracts predators such as lions, cheetahs, hyenas, and leopards, creating dramatic encounters between hunter and prey.

Highlight: Witnessing the calving season offers an unparalleled chance to see the circle of life, newborn calves taking their first steps while predators seize the opportunity to hunt.

Expert Tip: This is a dream season for wildlife photographers, with stunning light, short grasses for clear views, and raw, untamed drama on display.

April to May (Central & Western Serengeti, Tanzania): The Journey North

As the rains shift, the herds begin moving northward through the central Serengeti. Endless columns of wildebeest stretch for miles, joined by zebras and antelopes as they search for fresher grazing grounds. By May, the herds gather in the Serengeti’s Western Corridor near the Moru Kopjes, where the rutting (mating season) begins, and the landscape vibrates with clashing males.

Highlight: This period is quieter in terms of tourism, meaning fewer safari vehicles and more exclusive wildlife experiences.

Expert Tip: May often brings the first river crossings at the Grumeti River maybe smaller than the Mara crossings but still thrilling, with crocodiles waiting for their chance. A great time for value-for-money safaris.

June to July (Western & Northern Serengeti, Tanzania): The Grumeti River Crossings

By June, the herds pack densely along the Grumeti River, where they face their first dangerous water crossing. Massive Nile crocodiles lie in wait as thousands of wildebeest plunge into the water. This is also the start of the dry season, concentrating wildlife around rivers and waterholes.

Highlight: The Grumeti River crossings combine spectacle and intensity, a true test of survival for the migrating herds.

Expert Tip: Camps and lodges near the Grumeti book out early. Plan your safari months in advance if you want front-row access to this extraordinary event.

August to October (Northern Serengeti, Tanzania & Maasai Mara, Kenya): The Mara River Crossings

This is the most iconic and dramatic phase of the migration. Herds numbering in the hundreds of thousands gather on the banks of the Mara River, hesitating before charging into the crocodile-infested waters. Chaos unfolds as predators stalk both banks, and sheer numbers overwhelm the river. Crossings can last minutes or hours, but they are unpredictable as nature follows no schedule.

Highlight: The Mara River crossings are one of the greatest wildlife spectacles on Earth, with breathtaking scenes of life, death, and survival.

Expert Tip: Be prepared to spend several days near the Mara River, as patience is key. This is peak safari season, so secure flights and lodges at least a year in advance.

November (Eastern & Southern Serengeti, Tanzania): The Return South

As the short rains arrive, the herds begin moving back south through the Serengeti. The plains turn green again, offering fresh pastures for the wildebeest, zebras, and gazelles. The migration disperses over wide areas, creating a more tranquil but equally rewarding safari atmosphere.

Highlight: With fewer crowds, November safaris are peaceful, and the landscapes are refreshed with lush greenery and dramatic skies.

Expert Tip: This is an ideal time for photographers who enjoy wide landscapes, vivid colors, and more intimate wildlife encounters with fewer vehicles around.